What are the two primary methods to carry the weight of the wall above an opening?

The two primary methods to carry the weight of the wall above an opening are arches and beams.

Arches are designed to distribute weight evenly across their structure, effectively transferring loads to the supporting walls or columns. Their curved shape allows them to handle compressive forces, making them ideal for spanning large openings while maintaining structural integrity.

Beams, on the other hand, are horizontal structural elements that support loads over openings by transferring this load to vertical supports, such as columns or walls. They can be made from various materials, including wood, steel, or reinforced concrete, and are essential for providing strength and support above doors, windows, and other openings.

Together, arches and beams provide significant options for managing the load above openings, ensuring that the overall structure remains stable and secure.