What is installed in a building to resist lateral loads from wind and earthquakes?

Shear walls are vertical elements used in building construction that are specifically designed to resist lateral forces caused by wind or seismic activity. These walls are typically made of reinforced concrete or masonry and are strategically placed within a structure to provide stiffness and strength, allowing them to effectively transfer lateral loads to the foundation.

By resisting lateral forces, shear walls help maintain the structural integrity of a building during extreme weather events or earthquakes, preventing excessive swaying or structural failure. Their role is crucial in maintaining safety and stability, particularly in tall or irregularly shaped buildings.

While other elements like braced frames can also help resist lateral loads, they are fundamentally different in design and application. Columns and beams primarily bear vertical loads, and while they may be involved in the overall lateral load-resisting system, they do not serve the specific purpose of counteracting lateral forces as effectively as shear walls do.