What is the term for heavy riveting of girders to columns in old buildings and railroad bridges?

The term for heavy riveting of girders to columns in old buildings and railroad bridges is known as portal bracing. This method involves the use of a rigid frame that connects vertical columns with horizontal girders, providing significant stability to the structure. Portal bracing is particularly effective in resisting lateral forces such as wind or seismic activity, which are crucial considerations in the design and construction of buildings and bridges that are expected to endure such conditions.

The heavy riveting involved in portal bracing enhances the connection between girders and columns, ensuring that they can work together efficiently to support loads. This method is prevalent in older structures, where traditional engineering practices relied heavily on metal connections to provide the necessary strength and stability for large, open spaces.