What method limits the spread of fire by preventing movement of flame and smoke within a building?

Firestopping and draftstops play a crucial role in limiting the spread of fire within a building by creating barriers that prevent the movement of flames and smoke. Firestopping involves using materials that seal openings and joints in fire-resistive walls and floors, which helps to contain a fire within a designated area, preventing it from spreading to other parts of the building. Draftstops, on the other hand, are barriers that minimize the movement of smoke and heat through concealed spaces such as attics and ceiling plenum areas. By strategically placing these materials, buildings are better equipped to manage the flow of fire and smoke, ultimately enhancing safety and reducing damage during a fire event.

In contrast, sprinkler systems are designed to suppress fire by discharging water on the flames, and while they are effective at controlling fire spread, they don't specifically prevent the movement of flames and smoke like firestopping does. Ventilation systems aim to manage air flow within a structure, which can be used to remove smoke but can also inadvertently facilitate fire spread if not controlled properly. Fire alarms are critical for alerting occupants and initiating evacuation but do not physically limit the spread of fire or smoke.