What type of failure occurs when a building fails in a domino effect?

The correct choice is the type of failure known as progressive collapse. This phenomenon occurs when a failure in one structural component leads to the failure of adjoining components, much like a chain reaction. In a progressive collapse, the initial failure causes an overload on supporting structures, resulting in their failure as well, creating a cascading effect that can compromise an entire building or large sections of it.

Progressive collapse is particularly critical in fire service and building construction because it emphasizes the importance of each structural element and how interconnected they are. A small failure might seem isolated at first, but if that failure is not contained, it can lead to much more extensive damage. Understanding this concept helps firefighters to assess building stability and risks during operations, ensuring safety for both responders and occupants.