Which type of automatic sprinkler system is designed to activate prior to a fire event?

Preaction systems are specifically designed to activate prior to a fire event, which sets them apart from other types of automatic sprinkler systems. These systems combine features from both traditional wet pipe and dry pipe systems. In a preaction system, the sprinkler heads remain closed until there is an activation trigger, which could be the detection of smoke or heat by a separate fire detection system. Once this trigger occurs, water is released into the pipes, at which point the sprinklers can activate when exposed to the heat of a fire.

The preaction system is particularly advantageous in environments where water damage is a concern, such as museums, computer rooms, or areas containing sensitive equipment. By preventing water from flowing until a fire event is confirmed, these systems help mitigate unwanted water discharge in the absence of fire, unlike wet pipe systems, which are always filled with water, and dry pipe systems, which only activate when the pipe is heated.

Overall, this proactive approach to fire suppression characterizes the preaction system as the appropriate choice in scenarios where preemptive action against potential fire events is critical.